Ukuphucula iMetals kwiMedical Device Manufacturing

Ukonyuka kwamatyala e-COVID-19 kukhokelele kwimfuno ephezulu yezixhobo zonyango, nto leyo eye yagxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kubayili kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo zonyango. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zamalungu zonyango kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenziseka, umgangatho, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kunokubonelela ngeenzuzo zeendleko eziphezulu kunye nokuthembeka.

I-Metallic biomaterials okanye iintsimbi zonyango zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwimveliso yoncedo lotyando kunye nezixhobo, ezinikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha. Ukuqhubela phambili okuyimpumelelo kwemathiriyeli enje nge-cobalt-chromium alloy, insimbi engenasici, i-titanium, kunye ne-alloys ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokubanzi kugqirha wamazinyo kunye ne-orthopedics, ikumisele ngokuqinileyo ukubaluleka kwezixhobo zonyango lwetsimbi kwimveliso yezixhobo zonyango.

Xa kuyilwa izixhobo ngeenjongo zonyango kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abavelisi balumke ekukhetheni imathiriyeli ekrwada efanelekileyo. Ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana neenkcukacha zobunjineli eziyimfuneko kwisicelo, izinto ezikhethiweyo kufuneka ziqinisekise ukungabikho kwayo nayiphi na imingcipheko enokubakho xa udibana nomzimba womntu okanye iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezihlala zidibana kwindawo yeklinikhi. Ukuqwalasela ngenyameko kufuneka kunikwe zombini iimfuno zokusebenza kunye nokuhambelana kwezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuyo.

Kumacandelo amayeza kunye nezempilo, iintsimbi ezininzi ezicocekileyo kunye neealloys zetsimbi zibonakalise ixabiso lazo. Eli nqaku liza kudlula kwiintlobo ezilishumi elinesithathu eziqhelekileyo ze-metallic biomaterials kunye nesinyithi ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yezixhobo zonyango.

• Iindidi ezili-13 zeeNsimbi zeCandelo lezoNyango kunye noKwenziwa kweDivaysi

Makhe sibone ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ezilishumi elinesithathu zesinyithi esisulungekileyo kunye nealloys zetsimbi, usetyenziso lwazo, kunye neenzuzo kunye neengozi zazo kumayeza kunye nokwenza izixhobo zokhathalelo lwempilo.

1. Steel engatyiwa

Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo ilunge kakhulu kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zonyango ngenxa yobume bayo obungenatyhefu, ukonakala, kunye nokuqina. Ngaphezu koko, inokugudiswa ukuba igqitywe kakuhle enokucocwa lula. Njengoko insimbi engenasici ifumaneka kwiiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineempawu ezizodwa zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kubalulekile.

I-316 kunye ne-316L yensimbi engenasici zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa rhoqo kufakelo lwezonyango kunye nokugqojozwa komzimba ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwazo okukhethekileyo. Olu phawu lubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukubola kwegazi, okunokukhokelela kusulelo kunye neziphumo ezinokuba yingozi. Ngapha koko, insimbi engenasici ineentlobo ze-nickel ephantsi, ngoko ke izigulana azifane ziphathwe kukwalana ne-nickel.

I-440 insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yezixhobo zotyando. Nangona inokubonelela nge-corrosion resistance resistance xa kuthelekiswa ne-316, umxholo wayo ophezulu wekhabhoni uvumelaunyango lobushushu, okukhokelela ekudalweni kweimiphetho ebukhali ezifanelekileyo izixhobo zokusika. Insimbi engenasici ifumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-orthopedics, ezifana nokutshintshwa kwamalungu e-hip kunye nokuzinzisa amathambo aphukileyo usebenzisa izikrufu kunye neepleyiti. Ngaphaya koko, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwenza utyando oluhlala luhleli kwaye lucoceke ngokulula njengeehemostats, i-tweezers, iforceps, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifuna ukomelela kunye nobunyumba.

Ekubeni insimbi engenasici inentsimbi, enokukhokelela ekudlekeni kwexesha, kukho umngcipheko kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo njengoko ukufakelwa kwayo kusonakala. Xa kuthelekiswa, iintsimbi zonyango ezifana ne-titanium okanye i-cobalt chrome zinika ukuxhathisa okukhulu kwe-corrosion. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba ezi zinyithi ezizezinye zinokubiza kakhulu.

2. Ubhedu

Ngenxa yamandla ayo angenamandla,ubhedu ayisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuvelisa izixhobo zotyando kunye nokufakelwa. Nangona kunjalo, iipropathi zayo eziphawulekayo zokulwa ne-antibacterial kunye ne-antiviral ziyenza ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kwintsimi yotyando kunye nokuthintela izifo.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kobhedu kukufakelwa kwezonyango akuqhelekanga ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo kunye nobutyhefu obunokubakho ngaphakathi kwezicubu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iialloys zethusi zisasebenza kukufakelwa kwamazinyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.utyando lokufakela amathambo.

Ubhedu lugqwesa ngokwenene njengesinyithi sonyango ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezichasene nentsholongwane kunye ne-antibacterial. Oku kwenza ubhedu lube yimathiriyeli efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezihlala ziphathwa, njengezibambo zeminyango, iintsimbi zebhedi, kunye nezitshixo. Yintoni eyahlula ubhedu kukubaI-FDAivume ngaphezulu kwe-400 yeealloyi zobhedu ezahlukeneyo njenge-biocidal, ukuthintela ngempumelelo usulelo lwentsholongwane efana ne-SARS-CoV-2.

Xa ibonakaliswe kwimo engqongileyo, ubhedu olusulungekileyo lungena lula kwi-oxidation, okukhokelela kumbala oluhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, igcina iimpawu zayo ze-antimicrobial. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokubona ukuguquka kombala njengento engathandekiyo. Ukujongana noku, ii-alloys zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, zinika amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusebenza ngokuchasene ne-microbes. Enye inketho kukusebenzisa iingubo ezincinci zefilimu ukukhusela i-oxidation ngelixa ugcina iimpawu ze-antibacterial zobhedu.

3. I-Titanium

I-Titanium ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwesinyithi esiqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yezixhobo zonyango. Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zonyango zangaphakathi, ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni izixhobo zangaphandle ezifana nezixhobo zotyando, izixhobo zamazinyo, kunye nezixhobo zamathambo. I-titanium enyulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inert egqithisileyo, lolona khetho lubiza kakhulu luhlala lugcinelwa amacandelo athembeke kakhulu okanye lawo alungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kumzimba wesigulana emva kotyando.

Kule mihla, i-titanium isetyenziswa rhoqo endaweni yensimbi engenasici, ngakumbi ekuveliseni izixhaso zamathambo kunye nezinto ezithatha indawo. I-Titanium inamandla anokuthelekiseka kunye nokuqina kwintsimbi engatyiwayo ngelixa ilula ngobunzima. Ngapha koko, ibonisa iipropathi ezigqwesileyo ze-biocompatibility.

Iialloyi ze-Titanium zifanelekile kakhulu kukufakelwa kwamazinyo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba i-titanium inokusetyenziswametal 3D yoshicilelo ukwenza amacandelo alungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo ngokusekwe kwizikena zesigulana kunye ne-X-reyi. Oku kuvumela ukulingana okugqibeleleyo kunye nesisombululo somntu.

I-Titanium ibalasele ngendalo yayo ekhaphukhaphu kwaye yomelele, igqwesa intsimbi engagqwali ngokwemiqathango yokuxhathisa umhlwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imida ethile ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Iialloyi ze-Titanium zinokubonisa ukuchasana okungonelanga ukugoba ukudinwa phantsi kwemithwalo eguquguqukayo eqhubekayo. Ngaphezu koko, xa isetyenziswa kumalungu okutshintshwa, i-titanium ayikwazi ukumelana nokukhuhlana nokuguga.

4. I-Cobalt Chrome

Yenziwe ngechromium kunye necobalt,cobalt chrome yingxubevange enika iingenelo ezininzi kwizixhobo zotyando. Ukufaneleka kwayoUshicilelo lwe-3DkwayeCNC machining ivumela ukubunjwa okufanelekileyo kweefom ezifunwayo. Ngaphezu koko,electropolishing iphunyezwe ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ogudileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungcola. Ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo ezifana namandla, ukumelana nokunxiba, kunye nokunyamezela kobushushu obuphezulu, i-cobalt chrome iphakathi kwezona zikhethwayo eziphezulu ze-alloys zetsimbi. I-biocompatibility yayo iyenza ilungele i-orthopedic prosthetics, ukutshintshwa kwamalungu, kunye nokufakelwa kwamazinyo.

I-cobalt chrome alloys zithathwa kakhulu zisinyithi zonyango ezisetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa kwe-hip kunye negxalaba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkxalabo malunga nokukhululwa kwe-cobalt, i-chromium, kunye ne-nickel ions kwigazi njengoko ezi ngxube ziphela ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuhamba kwexesha.

5. Aluminiyam

Kunqabile ukudibana ngqo nomzimba,aluminiyam ihlala isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yezixhobo zenkxaso ezahlukeneyo ezifuna ubukhaphukhaphu, ukuqina, kunye nezakhiwo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa. Imizekelo ibandakanya izinti ezifakwa emithanjeni, iintonga zokuhamba, iifreyimu zebhedi, izitulo ezinamavili, kunye nezamathambo. Ngenxa yokuthambekela kokugqwala okanye kwi-oxidize, izinto ze-aluminiyam zifuna ukupeyinta okanye iinkqubo ze-anodizing ukomeleza ukuqina kwazo kunye nobomi.

6. Magnesium

I-Magnesium alloys zisinyithi zonyango ezaziwa ngokukhanya okukhethekileyo kunye namandla, afana nobunzima kunye nokuxinana kwethambo lendalo. Ngaphezu koko, i-magnesium ibonisa ukhuseleko lwendalo njengoko ngokwemvelo kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo i-biodegrades ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le propati yenza ukuba ifanelekele i-stents yesikhashana okanye i-bone graft replacements, isusa imfuno yeenkqubo zokususa zesibini.

Nangona kunjalo, i-magnesium i-oxidizes ngokukhawuleza, iyimfunekounyango olungaphezulu . Ukongeza, ukwenza i-magnesium inokuba ngumceli mngeni kwaye kufuneka kuthatyathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko ukunqanda ukuphendula okunokubakho ngeoksijini.

7. Igolide

Igolide, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yenye yezona zimbiwa zonyango ezasetyenziswayo, iyaziqhayisa ngokuxhathisa ukuthotywa kunye nokuhambelana nebhayoloji. Ukonakala kwayo kuvumela ukubunjwa lula, iyenze ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo lokulungiswa kwamazinyo okwahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, olu qheliselo luye lwancipha kakhulu, igolide ngoku ifakwe endaweniizinto zokwenziwakwiimeko ezininzi.

Ngelixa igolide inazo iipropathi ze-biocidal, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iindleko zayo kunye nokunqaba kwayo kuyanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, igolide isetyenziswa kwiiplatings ezincinci kunegolide eqinileyo. Iiplatings zegolide ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwii-conductor, iingcingo, kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci ze-elektroniki ezisetyenziswa kukufakelwa kwe-electro-stimulation kunyeabenzi boluvo.

8. IPlatinam

IPlatinam, enye isinyithi esizinzile kwaye engasebenziyo, ithathwa njengeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yezixhobo zotyando kunye nezixhobo ngenxa ye-biocompatibility kunye ne-conductivity ekhethekileyo. Iingcingo zeplatinam eziethe-ethe zifumana ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizifakeli zombane zangaphakathi ezifana nezinto ezincedisa ukuva kunye nezincedisi-ntliziyo. Ngapha koko, iplatinam ifumana izicelo zayo ezinxulumene nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kunye nokubeka iliso kumaza obuchopho.

9. Isilivere

Ngokufana nobhedu, isilivere ineempawu zendalo zokulwa neentsholongwane, iyenza ixabiseke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ifumana into eluncedo kwi-stents, kunye nokufakelwa okungathwali mthwalo, kwaye idityaniswe kwiikhompawundi zesamente ezisetyenziselwa ukutyatyekwa kwamathambo. Ukongeza, isilivere idityaniswe ne-zinc okanye ubhedu ukuvelisa ukuzaliswa kwamazinyo.

10. Tantalum

I-Tantalum ibonisa iimpawu eziphawulekayo ezifana nokuxhathisa ukushisa okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuchasana ne-acids kunye nokubola, kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-ductility kunye namandla. Njengesinyithi esichasayo esine-porous, iququzelela ukukhula kwamathambo kunye nokudibanisa, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokufakelwa phambi kwethambo.

I-Tantalum ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango ezahlukeneyo kunye neeteyiphu zokumakisha ngenxa yokungakhuseleki kumanzi omzimba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Ukufika kweUshicilelo lwe-3Dyenze ukuba i-tantalum isetyenziswe endaweni yethambo le-cranial kunye nezixhobo zamazinyo ezifana nezithsaba okanyeisikrufu izithuba. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqaba kwayo kunye neendleko, i-tantalum isoloko isetyenziselwa izinto ezidibeneyo kunokuba isetyenziswe ngendlela ecocekileyo.

11. I-Nitinol

I-Nitinol yi-alloy eyenziwe nge-nickel kunye ne-titanium, eyaziwayo ngokuxhathisa kwayo kwi-corrosion kunye ne-biocompatibility. Ubume bayo obukhethekileyo bekristale buvumela ukuba ibonise ukuqina okukhulu kunye nefuthe lememori. Ezi zakhiwo ziye zaguqula imboni yezixhobo zonyango ngokuvumela izinto ukuba zibuyele kwisimo sayo sokuqala emva kokuguqulwa, ngokusekelwe kwiqondo lokushisa elithile.

Kwiinkqubo zonyango apho ukuchaneka kubalulekile, i-nitinol inikezela ukuguquguquka ukuhamba kwiindawo ezixineneyo ngelixa ugcina ukuqina ukumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8%). Ubume bayo obukhaphukhaphu kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokwenziwa kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji. Imizekelo ibandakanya iingcingo ze-orthodontic, iiankile zethambo, i-staples, izixhobo ze-spacer, izixhobo zevalvu yentliziyo, iintambo zesikhokelo, kunye nezinti. I-Nitinol inokuphinda isetyenziswe ukwenza iimpawu kunye nemigca yokuxilonga yokufumana amathumba ebele, enikezela ngeendlela ezingangeneleliyo zokuxilongwa nonyango lomhlaza wamabele.

12. Niobium

I-Niobium, isinyithi esikhethekileyo esichasayo, ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango zanamhlanje. Yamkelwa ngokungazenzisi okukhethekileyo kunye nokuhambelana nebhayoloji. Ecaleni kweempawu zayo zexabiso ezibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ephezulu kunye nombane, i-niobium isetyenziswa rhoqo ekuveliseni amacandelo amancinci e-pacemakers.

13. ITungsten

I-Tungsten iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zonyango, ngakumbi ekuvelisweni kweetyhubhu zeenkqubo ezihlasela kancinci ezifana ne-laparoscopy kunye ne-endoscopy. Inika amandla omatshini kwaye inokuzalisekisa imfuno ye-radiopacity, iyenze ilungele izicelo zokuhlolwa kwe-fluorescence. Ukongeza, ingxinano ye-tungsten yodlula leyo yelothe, iyenza ibeyenye indlela evumelana nokusingqongileyo kwizinto ezikhusela imitha.

I-Biocompatible Materials efumanekayo kwi-Medical Devices

Xa kuziwa kwizinto ezihambelana ne-biocompatible ezisetyenziswa kwimimiselo yokhathalelo lwempilo, kufuneka babambelele kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile ezinokuthi zingasebenzi kwezinye iimveliso.

Ngokomzekelo, kufuneka zingabi yityhefu xa zidibana nezicubu zomntu okanye ulwelo lomzimba. Ukongeza, kufuneka babe nokumelana neekhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukuvalwa inzala, njengezicoci kunye nezibulali ntsholongwane. Kwimeko yeentsimbi zonyango ezisetyenziselwa ukufakelwa, kufuneka zingabi netyhefu, zingadli, kwaye zingabi namagnetic. Uphando luhlala luphonononga ii-alloys zetsimbi ezintsha, kunye nezinye izinto ezinjeiplastikikwayeceramic , ukuvavanya ukufaneleka kwazo njengezinto ezihambelana ne-biocompatible. Ngaphaya koko, ezinye iimathiriyeli zinokukhuseleka kunxibelelwano lwexeshana elifutshane kodwa azifanelekanga ukufakwa ngokusisigxina.

Ngenxa yoguquko oluninzi olubandakanyekayo, amaqumrhu alawulayo afana ne-FDA e-United States, kunye nezinye ii-arhente zehlabathi, aziqinisekisi imathiriyeli ekrwada yezixhobo zonyango nganye nganye. Endaweni yoko, ulwahlulo lunikezelwe kwimveliso yokugqibela endaweni yezixhobo zayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha imathiriyeli ehambelana nebhayoloji kuhlala ilinyathelo lokuqala nelibalulekileyo lokufezekisa ulwahlulo olufunekayo.

Kutheni le nto iiMetal ziyizona zinto zikhethwayo kwizixhobo zoNyango?

Kwiimeko apho kufuneka amandla akhethekileyo kunye nokuqina, iintsimbi, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezincinci ezinqamlekileyo, zihlala zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo. Zifaneleke kakuhle kumacandelo afuna ukubunjwa okanye umatshini abe ziifom ezintsonkothileyo, ezifanaprobes , iincakuba, kunye namanqaku. Ngaphaya koko, iintsimbi zigqwesa kwiindawo zoomatshini ezinxibelelana nezinye izinto zetsimbi njengeentsimbi,izixhobo , izilayidi, kunye nezixhokonxa. Zikwafanelekile kumacandelo afumana inzala yobushushu obuphezulu okanye afune iipropathi eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye nezomzimba xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezisekelwe kwipolymer.

Iintsimbi zibonelela ngomphezulu ozinzileyo kunye nomenyezelayo owenza kube lula ukucocwa kunye nokuvala inzala. I-Titanium, i-titanium alloys, insimbi engenasici, kunye ne-nickel alloys zithandwa kakhulu kwizixhobo zonyango ngenxa yokukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokucoca kwizicelo zempilo. Ngokuchasene noko, isinyithi esithambekele kwi-oxidation yomhlaba engalawulekiyo neyonakalisayo, njengentsimbi, i-aluminiyam, okanye ubhedu, ayibandakanywa kwizicelo ezinjalo. Ezi zinyithi zisebenza kakhulu ziqhayisa ngeempawu ezizodwa, ezinye izithintelo, kunye nokuguquguquka okukhethekileyo. Ukusebenza ngezi zixhobo kufuna iindlela zokuyila ezintsha, ezinokwahluka kwezo ziqhele ukuqeshwa ngeentsimbi eziqhelekileyo okanye iiplastiki, ezibonelela ngobuninzi bamathuba kwiinjineli zemveliso.

Iifom ezikhethwayo zeNtsimbi ethile esetyenziselwa izixhobo zonyango

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ze-titanium alloys, insimbi engenasici, kunye ne-alloys eqinile esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwishishini lezonyango, kubandakanywa ipleyiti, intonga, i-foil, i-strip, i-sheet, ibha kunye nocingo. Ezi fom zahlukeneyo ziyimfuneko ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zamacandelo esixhobo sonyango, ezihlala zincinci kwaye zintsokothile ngokwendalo.

Ukwenza ezi milo, ngokuzenzekelayooomatshini bokushicilela bayasebenza. Imichilo kunye nocingo zezona zinto zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqalisa kolu hlobo lokucubungula. Ezi fom zokusila ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kunye nobukhulu be-strip ukusuka kwi-ultra-thin foil kwi-0.001 kwi-0.125 kwi-0.125 ngaphakathi. .

Iingqwalasela zokuSebenzisa iiMetals kwiMedical Devices Manufacturing

Kweli candelo, siza kudlula kwizinto ezine eziphambili xa kusetyenziswa isinyithi ukwenza izixhobo zonyango, oko kukuthi, ukwenza, ukuqina, ukulawula ubulukhuni, kunyeumphezulu wokugqiba.

1. Umatshini

Iipropati ze-machining ze-6-4 i-alloy zifana ngokusondeleyo nezo ze-austenitic stainless steels, kunye nezinto zombini zilinganisa malunga ne-22% ye-AISI B-1112 yensimbi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-titanium iphendula nge-carbide tooling, kwaye le mpendulo iqiniswa ngubushushu. Ke ngoko, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe izikhukula ezinzima kunye nolwelo lokusika xa kusenziwa i-titanium.

Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukusebenzisa ulwelo oluqulethe i-halogen, njengoko lunokubangela umngcipheko wokubangela ukubola koxinzelelo ukuba alususwanga ngokupheleleyo emva kokwenziwa komatshini.

2. Ukubunjwa

Izitampu zidla ngokukhetha izinto ekulula ukubanda. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukwakheka kuhambelana ngokungafaniyo neepropati ezithile ezifunwa ngabathengi xa bekhetha ezi ngxubevange, ezinjengokuqina okugqwesileyo kunye namandla.

Umzekelo, iziseko zotyando kufuneka zibe namandla amakhulu okuthintela ukwahlukana, nokuba kunecandelo elimxinwa kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka bebumbe ngokugqithisileyo ukuvumela oogqirha botyando ukuba bavale ngokuqinileyo ngaphandle kokufuna izixhobo ezisisiseko ezihlaselayo.

Ukufezekisa ukulingana phakathi kwamandla kunye nokwakheka kunokufezekiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokuphinda kuhlaziywe. Ngokuqengqeleka ngononophelo umcu kwigeyiji efunwayo kunye nokusebenzisa i-annealing phakathi kweepasi ukuchasana neziphumo zokuqina komsebenzi, umgangatho ongowona ulungileyo wokubumba uyafezekiswa.

Rerollers baqeshe inkqubo yokutshintsha ukunyanga ubushushu kunyeukuqengqeleka okubandayoukubonelela ngezinto ezibumbeneyo ezifanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza, ukuzoba, kunye nokubethelwa ngenqindi usebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-multislide kunye ne-multidie stamping.

Ngelixa i-ductility ye-titanium kunye ne-alloys yayo inokuba ngaphantsi kunezinye isinyithi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, iimveliso ze-strip zisenokwakheka lula kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, nangona ngesantya esisezantsi kunentsimbi engenasici.

Emva kokwenziwa okubandayo, i-titanium ibonisa imvelaphi ngenxa yemodyuli yayo ephantsi yokuqina, emalunga nesiqingatha sentsimbi. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba iqondo le-spring back liyanda ngamandla esinyithi.

Xa iinzame zobushushu begumbi zinganelanga, ukwenza imisebenzi kunokwenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo ekubeni i-ductility ye-titanium inyuka ngobushushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imicu ye-titanium engafakwanga kunye namaphepha akhiwe ngokubanda.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ngaphandleiialpha zealpha , ezithi ngamaxesha athile zifudunyezwe kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-600°F ukuya kwi-1200°F ukuthintela ukubuya kwentwasahlobo. Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngaphaya kwe-1100 ° F, i-oxidation ye-titanium surfaces iba yinkxalabo, ngoko ke umsebenzi wokunciphisa unokufuneka.

Kuba iimpawu zokuwelda ezibandayo zetitanium ziphezulu kunezo zentsimbi engenasici, ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile xa kuqhutywa naluphi na utyando olubandakanya i-titanium edibana nayo.intsimbi iyafaokanye ukwenza izixhobo.

3. Ukulawula Ukuqina

Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqengqeleka kunye ne-annealing ukuphumeza ukulingana phakathi kokubumba kunye namandla kwii-alloys. Ngokufaka i-anneal phakathi kwe-rolling pass nganye, iziphumo zokuqiniswa komsebenzi ziyapheliswa, okukhokelela kumsindo ofunwayo ogcina amandla ezinto eziphathekayo ngelixa unikezela ukubunjwa okufunekayo.

Ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo engqongqo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, iingcali kwiHUAYI GROUP inokunceda ekukhetheni i-alloy kwaye inikeze izisombululo ezibanzi kwi-machining yakho yesinyithi yezonyango. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-alloys zinendibaniselwano efunwayo yeepropathi, ihambelana neemfuno ezithile kunye nemiqobo.

4. Umphezulu wokuGqibela

Ngexesha lesigaba sokubuyisela kwakhona, ukugqitywa komphezulu wemveliso ye-titanium-based kunye ne-stainless steel strip inqunywe. Abaqulunqi baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kuzo, kubandakanywa ukugqitywa okuqaqambileyo kunye nokukhanya, umgangatho we-matte oququzelela ukuhanjiswa kwe-lubrication, okanye ezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo eziyimfuneko kwi-bonding, brazing, okanye iinjongo ze-welding.

Umphezulu ogqityiweyo udalwe ngokuqhagamshelana phakathi kwemiqulu yomsebenzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kwi-rolling mill. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa i-carbide rolls epholisiweyo ephezulu iphumela kwisipili-ekhanyayo kwaye igqibezele, ngelixa iiroli zentsimbi ezidutshulweyo zivelisa ukugqibezela kwe-matte kunye noburhabaxa be-20-40 µin. RMS. Imiqulu ye-carbide eqhunyiweyo inika ukugqiba okubuthuntu nge-18-20 µin. Uburhabaxa be-RMS.

Le nkqubo iyakwazi ukuvelisa umphezulu oburhabaxa ukuya kuma 60 µin. I-RMS, emele umgangatho ophezulu weuburhabaxa bomphezulu.

Iintsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye ne-alloys kwizicelo zezoNyango

Insimbi engenasici, i-titanium, kunye ne-nickel-based alloys zibonwa njengezinto eziphambili kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, bazisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhono kwitafile. Ezi zixhobo zinamandla okuguqula iimpawu zabo zomatshini ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana nokufudumeza, ukupholisa, kunye nokucima. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lokucutshungulwa, banokuphinda bahlengahlengiswe njengoko kufuneka. Umzekelo, ukuqengqeleka kwesinyithi kwiigeyiji ezibhityileyo kunokonyusa ubulukhuni bazo, ngelixa ukufakwa kwe-annealing kunokubuyisela iipropathi zazo kumsindo ochanekileyo, okuvumela ukubunjwa ngendlela engabizi kakhulu.

Ezi ntsimbi zisebenza kakuhle kwiizicelo zonyango . Babonisa ukuxhathisa umhlwa okungaqhelekanga, banamandla omatshini aphezulu, banikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lonyango olungaphezulu, kwaye babonelela ngobuchule obubalaseleyo bemveliso bakuba abayili beqhelana nobunzima babo.

Ukuqukumbela

Xa kusenziwa izixhobo zonyango, kubalulekile ukukhetha ngononophelo iintsimbi ezifanelekileyo. Iintsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kule njongo ziquka insimbi engenasici, i-titanium, i-cobalt chrome, ubhedu, i-tantalum, kunye neplatinam. Ezi zinyithi zikhethwa ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yazo egqwesileyo kunye nokuqina. Nangona i-palladium nayo ifumana ukuqatshelwa, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulinganiselwe ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu. Siyathemba ukuba esi sikhokelo siya kukunceda ekufumaneni isinyithi esifanelekileyo esizalisekisa iiprojekthi zakho zonyango okanye izicelo.