Kukometsa Zitsulo Zopangira Zida Zamankhwala

Kuwonjezeka kwa milandu ya COVID-19 kwadzetsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zida zamankhwala, zomwe zagogomezera kufunikira kwa kusankha kwazinthu kwa opanga ndi opanga zida zamankhwala. Ndikofunikira kusankha zida zoyenera za zida ndi zida zachipatala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zabwino, komanso kutsatira miyezo. Kusankha zipangizo zoyenera kungapereke ubwino wokwera mtengo komanso wodalirika.

Metallic biomaterials kapena zitsulo zachipatala zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zothandizira opaleshoni ndi zida, zomwe zimapereka zosankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungasankhe. Kupita patsogolo kwabwino kwa zinthu monga cobalt-chromium alloy, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, titaniyamu, ndi ma aloyi osiyanasiyana, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kwakukulu muzamankhwala a mano ndi mafupa, kwatsimikizira kufunikira kwa zida zamankhwala zazitsulo pakupanga zida zamankhwala.

Popanga zida zachipatala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti opanga azisamala posankha zida zoyenera. Kupatula kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaumisiri pakugwiritsa ntchito, zida zosankhidwa ziyeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe zoopsa zilizonse zikakumana ndi thupi la munthu kapena mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amakumana nawo m'malo azachipatala. Kuganizira mozama kuyenera kuperekedwa pazofunikira zonse zogwirira ntchito komanso kugwirizana kwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

M'magulu azachipatala ndi azachipatala, zitsulo zambiri zoyera ndi ma aloyi azitsulo zatsimikizira kufunika kwake. Nkhaniyi idutsa mumitundu khumi ndi itatu yodziwika bwino yazitsulo ndi zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamankhwala.

• Mitundu ya 13 ya Zitsulo Zachigawo Chachipatala ndi Kupanga Zida

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu khumi ndi itatu yodziwika bwino ya zitsulo zoyera ndi ma aloyi achitsulo, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake popanga mankhwala ndi zida zamankhwala.

1. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndizoyenera kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala chifukwa chosakhala ndi poizoni, zosawononga, komanso zolimba. Komanso, imatha kupukutidwa mpaka kumaliza bwino komwe kumatha kutsukidwa mosavuta. Popeza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapezeka mosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimakhala ndi makina apadera komanso mankhwala, kusankha mtundu woyenera ndikofunikira.

316 ndi 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika ma implants azachipatala ndi kuboola thupi chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri. Mkhalidwe umenewu ndi wofunika kwambiri popewa dzimbiri m'magazi, zomwe zingayambitse matenda ndi zotsatirapo zomwe zingathe kupha. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi mitundu yotsika ya faifi tambala kotero kuti odwala savutitsidwa kawirikawiri ndi nickel.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 440 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zopangira opaleshoni. Ngakhale atha kupereka kukana kwa dzimbiri poyerekeza ndi 316, kuchuluka kwake kwa kaboni kumalolakutentha mankhwala, zomwe zimabweretsa kulengedwa kwam'mbali zakuthwa oyenera kudula zida. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafupa, monga m'malo olumikizira mafupa a m'chiuno komanso kukhazikika kwa mafupa osweka pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira ndi mbale. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga zida zopangira maopaleshoni olimba komanso oyeretsedwa mosavuta monga ma hemostats, ma tweezers, forceps, ndi zida zina zomwe zimafunikira kulimba komanso kusabereka.

Popeza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi chitsulo, chomwe chingayambitse dzimbiri pakapita nthawi, pali ngozi ku minofu yozungulira pamene implant ikuwonongeka. Poyerekeza, zitsulo zamankhwala monga titaniyamu kapena cobalt chrome zimapereka kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri. Komabe, dziwani kuti zitsulo zina izi zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo.

2. Mkuwa

Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochepa,mkuwa sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zopangira opaleshoni ndi implants. Komabe, katundu wake wodziwika bwino wa antibacterial ndi antiviral amapanga chisankho chofala pankhani ya opaleshoni ndi kupewa matenda.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwachindunji kwa mkuwa kwa implants zachipatala sikozolowereka chifukwa cha kufewa kwake ndi kawopsedwe kamene kangakhale mkati mwa minofu. Komabe, ma aloyi ena amkuwa amagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'makina oyika mano ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.maopaleshoni oika mafupa.

Mkuwa ndiwopambana kwambiri ngati chitsulo chamankhwala chifukwa chapadera kwambiri ma antiviral ndi antibacterial properties. Izi zimapangitsa mkuwa kukhala chinthu choyenera pa malo omwe anthu amawagwira pafupipafupi, monga zogwirira zitseko, zipilala za bedi, ndi masiwichi. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa mkuwa ndichotiFDAyavomereza ma aloyi amkuwa opitilira 400 ngati biocidal, kuteteza kufalikira kwa ma virus ngati SARS-CoV-2.

Mukakumana ndi chilengedwe, mkuwa woyengedwa bwino umalowa mosavuta ndi okosijeni, zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu wobiriwira. Ngakhale izi, imakhalabe ndi antimicrobial properties. Komabe, anthu ena angaone kuti kusintha kwa mtunduwo n’kosayenera. Kuti athetse izi, ma alloys amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, omwe amapereka milingo yosiyanasiyana yogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi ma virus. Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zafilimu zopyapyala kuti mupewe oxidation ndikusunga antibacterial katundu wamkuwa.

3. Titaniyamu

Titaniyamu imayamikiridwa kwambiri pakati pa zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamankhwala. Kupatula zida zachipatala zamkati, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zakunja monga zida zopangira opaleshoni, zida zamano, ndi zida za mafupa. Titaniyamu yoyera, yomwe imadziwika kuti imakhala yopanda mphamvu kwambiri, ndiyo njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri yomwe nthawi zambiri imasungidwa pazinthu zodalirika kwambiri kapena zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali m'thupi la wodwala pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Masiku ano, titaniyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka popanga zothandizira mafupa ndi zina. Titaniyamu ili ndi mphamvu zofananira komanso kulimba kwachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pomwe imapepuka pakulemera kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, imawonetsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri za biocompatibility.

Ma aloyi a Titanium ndi oyeneranso kuyika mano. Izi ndichifukwa choti titaniyamu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchitozitsulo 3D kusindikiza kupanga zida zosinthidwa makonda malinga ndi sikani ya wodwala ndi X-ray. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira yabwinoko komanso yokhazikika.

Titaniyamu ndi yodziwikiratu chifukwa chopepuka komanso champhamvu, kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri potengera kukana dzimbiri. Komabe, pali zoletsa zina zofunika kuziganizira. Ma aloyi a titaniyamu amatha kuwonetsa kukana kokwanira pakutopa kopindika pansi pa katundu wokhazikika. Komanso, tikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo olumikizira mafupa, titaniyamu simatha kuthana ndi kukangana ndi kutha.

4. Cobalt Chrome

Wopangidwa ndi chromium ndi cobalt,cobalt chrome ndi aloyi kuti amapereka angapo ubwino zida opaleshoni. Kuyenerera kwake kwa3D kusindikizandiCNC makina imalola kupanga mawonekedwe ofunikira. Komanso,electropolishing ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikhale yosalala, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa. Ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri monga mphamvu, kukana kuvala, ndi kupirira kutentha kwambiri, cobalt chrome ndi imodzi mwazosankha zapamwamba zazitsulo zazitsulo. Biocompatibility yake imapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwa ma prosthetics a mafupa, olowa m'malo, ndi implants zamano.

Cobalt chrome alloys ndizitsulo zodziwika bwino zachipatala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chiuno ndi mapewa. Komabe, pakhala pali nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa ayoni a cobalt, chromium, ndi nickel m'magazi chifukwa ma aloyiwa amatha kutha pakapita nthawi.

5. Aluminiyamu

Nthawi zambiri kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi thupi,aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zothandizira zomwe zimafunikira zopepuka, zolimba, komanso zolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Zitsanzo ndi monga ma stents, ndodo, mafelemu a bedi, mipando ya olumala, ndi mafupa a mafupa. Chifukwa cha chizolowezi chake cha dzimbiri kapena oxidize, zida za aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri zimafunikira penti kapena njira zopangira anodizing kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zamoyo.

6. Magnesium

Magnesium alloys ndi zitsulo zamankhwala zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha kupepuka kwawo komanso mphamvu zake, zomwe zimafanana ndi kulemera ndi kachulukidwe ka mafupa achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, magnesium imawonetsa kutetezedwa kwachilengedwe chifukwa mwachilengedwe komanso motetezeka biodegrades pakapita nthawi. Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa ma stents osakhalitsa kapena kuyika mafupa m'malo, ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa njira zachiwiri zochotsa.

Komabe, magnesium oxidize mofulumira, zofunikamankhwala pamwamba . Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza ma magnesium kumatha kukhala kovuta ndipo kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike ndi mpweya.

7. Golide

Golide, yemwe mwina ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zakale kwambiri zamankhwala zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito, imadzitamandira kwambiri kuti isawonongeke komanso imagwirizana ndi biocompatibility. Malleability ake amalola kuumbika kosavuta, ndikupangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika m'mbuyomu pakukonza mano osiyanasiyana. Komabe, mchitidwe umenewu wayamba kuchepa, ndipo golide tsopano akulowa m'malo ndizopangiranthawi zambiri.

Ngakhale golide ali ndi zinthu zina za biocidal, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mtengo wake komanso kupezeka kwake kumachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake. Nthawi zambiri, golidi amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zoonda kwambiri osati golide wolimba. Zoyikapo za golide nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pa ma conductor, mawaya, ndi zida zina zazing'ono zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma electro-stimulation implants ndimasensa.

8. Platinum

Platinamu, chitsulo china chokhazikika komanso chosasunthika, chimadziwika kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pazida ndi zida zopangira opaleshoni chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwake komanso magwiridwe antchito apadera. Mawaya osalimba a platinamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma implants amagetsi amkati monga zothandizira kumva ndi pacemaker. Kuphatikiza apo, platinamu imapeza ntchito zake zokhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwaubongo ndikuwunika mafunde aubongo.

9. Siliva

Mofanana ndi mkuwa, siliva imakhala ndi antimicrobial properties, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Imapeza zothandiza m'ma stents, ndi ma implants osanyamula katundu, ndipo imaphatikizidwanso mumagulu a simenti omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mafupa. Kuphatikiza apo, siliva amaphatikizidwa ndi zinc kapena mkuwa kuti apange mano.

10. Tantalum

Tantalum imawonetsa mawonekedwe odabwitsa monga kukana kutentha kwakukulu, kutha ntchito bwino, kukana ma acid ndi dzimbiri, komanso kuphatikiza kwa ductility ndi mphamvu. Monga chitsulo chonyezimira kwambiri, chimathandizira kukula kwa mafupa ndi kuphatikizana, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuyika pamaso pa fupa.

Tantalum amapeza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala ndi matepi owunikira chifukwa cha chitetezo chake kumadzi am'thupi komanso kukana dzimbiri. Kubwera kwa3D kusindikizayathandiza kuti tantalum igwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa cranial mafupa ndi zida zamano monga korona kapenascrew zolemba. Komabe, chifukwa chosowa komanso mtengo wake, tantalum nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zophatikizika m'malo mwa mawonekedwe ake oyera.

11. Nitinol

Nitinol ndi aloyi wopangidwa ndi faifi tambala ndi titaniyamu, yemwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri kwapadera komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe. Mapangidwe ake apadera a crystalline amalola kuti awonetse superelasticity ndi mawonekedwe a kukumbukira. Zinthuzi zasintha makampani opanga zida zamankhwala polola kuti zinthuzo zibwerere ku mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi pambuyo pa kusinthika, kutengera kutentha kwina.

Muzachipatala komwe kulondola kuli kofunikira, nitinol imapereka mwayi woyenda m'malo olimba ndikusunga kulimba kuti athe kupirira zovuta (mpaka 8%). Kupepuka kwake komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino popanga mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana azachipatala. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo mawaya a orthodontic, anangula a fupa, ma staples, spacer zipangizo, zida za valve ya mtima, mawotchi, ndi stents. Nitinol itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga zolembera ndi mizere yodziwira zotupa za m'mawere, ndikupereka njira zochepa zopezera matenda ndi chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere.

12. Niobium

Niobium, chitsulo chapadera cha refractory, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zida zamakono zamakono. Imadziwika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwake komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe. Pamodzi ndi zinthu zake zamtengo wapatali kuphatikiza matenthedwe apamwamba komanso magetsi, niobium imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta pacemaker.

13. Tungsten

Tungsten imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamankhwala, makamaka popanga machubu a njira zomwe zimasokoneza pang'ono monga laparoscopy ndi endoscopy. Amapereka mphamvu zamakina ndipo amathanso kukwaniritsa kufunika kwa radiopacity, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuwunikira ntchito za fluorescence. Kuphatikiza apo, kachulukidwe ka tungsten amaposa lead, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yoteteza ma radiation.

Zida Zogwirizana ndi Biocompatible Zopezeka pa Zida Zachipatala

Zikafika pazinthu zogwirizanirana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala, ziyenera kutsata njira zomwe sizingagwire ntchito pazinthu zina.

Mwachitsanzo, ziyenera kukhala zopanda poizoni zikakumana ndi minofu yamunthu kapena madzi amthupi. Kuphatikiza apo, akuyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zolimbana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsekereza, monga zotsukira ndi zopha tizilombo. Pankhani ya zitsulo zamankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga implants, ziyenera kukhala zopanda poizoni, zosawononga, komanso zopanda maginito. Kafukufuku amafufuza mosalekeza zitsulo zatsopano zazitsulo, komanso zipangizo zina mongapulasitikindiceramic , kuti awone kuyenerera kwawo ngati zida zogwirizanirana ndi bio. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina zitha kukhala zotetezeka kukhudzana kwakanthawi kochepa koma sizoyenera kuyika zokhazikika.

Chifukwa chamitundu yambiri yomwe ikukhudzidwa, mabungwe olamulira monga FDA ku United States, pamodzi ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi, samatsimikizira za zida zamankhwala pa sekondi imodzi. M'malo mwake, gululo limaperekedwa ku chinthu chomaliza osati zinthu zake. Komabe, kusankha zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi biocompatible kumakhalabe gawo loyamba komanso lofunikira kuti mukwaniritse gulu lomwe mukufuna.

Chifukwa Chiyani Zitsulo Ndi Zomwe Zimakondedwa Pazigawo Zazida Zachipatala?

M'malo omwe mphamvu zapadera ndi kuuma zimafunikira, zitsulo, makamaka m'magawo ang'onoang'ono opingasa, nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa. Zimakwanira bwino pazigawo zomwe zimafunikira kupangidwa kapena kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ovuta, mongaamafufuza , masamba, ndi mfundo. Kuphatikiza apo, zitsulo zimapambana pamakina omwe amalumikizana ndi zitsulo zina monga ma levers,zida , masilaidi, ndi zoyambitsa. Ndiwoyeneranso pazigawo zomwe zimawotchera kutentha kwambiri kapena zimafunikira makina apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe akuthupi poyerekeza ndi zida zopangidwa ndi polima.

Zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba komanso zonyezimira zomwe zimathandizira kuyeretsa komanso kutseketsa. Titaniyamu, ma aloyi a titaniyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi ma aloyi a faifi tambala amayamikiridwa kwambiri pazida zamankhwala chifukwa amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyeretsera pazachipatala. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zitsulo zomwe zimakonda kutulutsa okosijeni wosalamulirika komanso wowononga, monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, kapena mkuwa, sizimachotsedwa kuzinthu zoterezi. Zitsulo zogwira ntchito kwambiri izi zimadzitamandira ndi zinthu zapadera, zoperewera zina, komanso kusinthasintha kwapadera. Kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu izi kumafuna njira zopangira zatsopano, zomwe zimatha kusiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zitsulo kapena mapulasitiki, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wochuluka kwa akatswiri opanga zinthu.

Mitundu Yokondedwa Yazitsulo Zina Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pazida Zachipatala

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma aloyi a titaniyamu, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi ma aloyi olimba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azachipatala, kuphatikiza mbale, ndodo, zojambulazo, zolembera, pepala, mipiringidzo, ndi waya. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi yofunikira kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni za zida zachipatala, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zovuta m'chilengedwe.

Kupanga mawonekedwe awa, basimakina osindikizira amalembedwa ntchito. Zovala ndi waya ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyambira pamtunduwu. Mitundu ya mpheroyi imabwera mosiyanasiyana, ndi makulidwe a mizere kuyambira 0.001 in. mpaka 0.125 mkati. .

Malingaliro Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo Pakupanga Zida Zamankhwala

M'gawoli, tidutsamo zinthu zinayi zazikuluzikulu zogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo popanga zida zamankhwala, zomwe ndi makina, mawonekedwe, kulimba, ndikumaliza pamwamba.

1. Machining

Makina opangira aloyi a 6-4 amafanana kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zokhala ndi zida zonse ziwiri pafupifupi 22% ya chitsulo cha AISI B-1112. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti titaniyamu imakhudzidwa ndi zida za carbide, ndipo izi zimakulitsidwa ndi kutentha. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kusefukira kwakukulu ndi kudula madzimadzi pokonza titaniyamu.

Ndikofunikira kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe ali ndi halogen, chifukwa atha kubweretsa chiwopsezo chambiri ngati sanachotsedwe bwino pambuyo popanga makina.

2. Formability

Ma Stampers amakonda zida zomwe sizimazizira kwambiri. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kukhazikika kumagwirizana mosagwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe ogula amazifuna posankha ma aloyi awa, monga kulimba kwambiri ndi mphamvu.

Mwachitsanzo, zida zopangira opaleshoni ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti zipewe kulekana, ngakhale ndi gawo lochepa kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ayenera kukhala opangidwa bwino kwambiri kuti alole madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuti atseke mwamphamvu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowononga.

Kukwaniritsa kukhazikika pakati pa mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe kumatha kukwaniritsidwa bwino panthawi yolembetsanso. Pokugudubuza mzerewo ku geji yomwe mukufuna ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira pakati pa ziphaso kuti muthane ndi zovuta za kuuma kwa ntchito, mulingo woyenera kwambiri wokhazikika umatheka.

Rerollers amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira kutentha ndiozizira akugudubuzikakuti apereke zinthu zowoneka bwino zomwe zili zoyenera kupanga, kujambula, ndi kukhomerera pogwiritsa ntchito zida wamba za multislide ndi multidie stamping.

Ngakhale kuti ductility ya titaniyamu ndi ma aloyi ake akhoza kukhala otsika kusiyana ndi zitsulo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zopangira zomangira zimatha kupangidwa mosavuta kutentha kutentha, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

Pambuyo pakupanga kozizira, titaniyamu imawonekeranso chifukwa cha kutsika kwake kwa elasticity, yomwe ili pafupifupi theka la chitsulo. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa masika kumawonjezeka ndi mphamvu yachitsulo.

Ngati kutentha kwa chipinda sikukwanira, kupanga ntchito kumatha kuchitika pa kutentha kwakukulu chifukwa ductility ya titaniyamu imawonjezeka ndi kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, mizere ya titaniyamu yosatulutsidwa ndi mapepala amakhala ozizira.

Komabe, pali kuchotserapoalpha aloyi , zomwe nthawi zina zimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwapakati pa 600 ° F mpaka 1200 ° F kuti zisabwererenso kasupe. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kupitirira 1100 ° F, makutidwe ndi okosijeni a titaniyamu pamakhala vuto, kotero kuti ntchito yotsitsa ingakhale yofunikira.

Popeza kuti kuzizira kwa titaniyamu ndikwambiri kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kuyatsa koyenera ndikofunikira popanga opareshoni iliyonse yokhudzana ndi titaniyamu yomwe ingakhudzidwe ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.zitsulo zimafakapena kupanga zida.

3. Kuwuma Kuwongolera

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopukutira ndi yolumikizira kuti mukwaniritse bwino pakati pa mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu mu ma alloys. Ndi annealing pakati pa kugubuduza chiphaso chilichonse, zotsatira za kuumitsa ntchito amathetsedwa, kumabweretsa kupsa mtima wofunidwa amene amasunga zakuthupi mphamvu pamene kupereka zofunika formability.

Kukwaniritsa mfundo zokhwima ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, akatswiri paHUAYI GROUP ikhoza kukuthandizani pakusankha aloyi ndikupereka mayankho athunthu pamakina anu azitsulo azachipatala. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ma alloys ali ndi kuphatikiza komwe kumafunikira, kumagwirizana ndi zofunikira komanso zopinga.

4. Pamwamba Pamwamba

Panthawi yobwezeretsanso, kumapeto kwa titaniyamu ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumatsimikiziridwa. Okonza ali ndi zosankha zingapo zomwe angasankhe, kuphatikiza kumaliza kowala komanso kunyezimira, mawonekedwe a matte omwe amathandizira kusamutsa kondomu, kapena malo ena apadera ofunikira pakumangirira, kuwotcherera, kapena kuwotcherera.

Mapeto a pamwamba amapangidwa ndi kukhudzana pakati pa mipukutu ya ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu mphero. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma carbide rolls opukutidwa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti kalilole wowala komanso wonyezimira, pomwe zitsulo zophulitsidwa ndi mfuti zimatulutsa kumaliza kwa matte ndi kuuma kwa 20-40 µin. Mtengo wa RMS. Mipukutu ya carbide yowombedwa ndi mfuti imapereka kumaliza kosalala ndi 18-20 µin. Kuchuluka kwa RMS.

Njirayi imatha kupanga pamwamba ndi roughness mpaka 60 µin. RMS, yomwe imayimira mulingo wapamwamba kwambiripamwamba roughness.

Zitsulo Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Nthawi zambiri ndi Aloyi pa Ntchito Zachipatala

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, titaniyamu, ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi faifi tambala amawonedwa ngati zida zapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi wamba. Komabe, amabweretsanso maluso osiyanasiyana patebulo. Zidazi zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo amakina pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kutentha, kuziziritsa, ndi kuzimitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, pakukonza, amatha kusinthidwanso ngati pakufunika. Mwachitsanzo, kugubuduza zitsulo kukhala zoyezera zocheperako kumatha kukulitsa kulimba kwake, pomwe kuwongolera kumatha kubweretsanso zinthu zake ku mkwiyo womwewo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonekere zotsika mtengo.

Zitsulo izi zimagwira bwino ntchitomapulogalamu azachipatala . Amawonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri mwapadera, ali ndi luso lamakina apamwamba, amapereka njira zingapo zochizira pamwamba, ndipo amapereka kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa opanga akadziwa zovuta zawo.

Mapeto

Popanga zida zamankhwala, ndikofunikira kusankha zitsulo zoyenera. Zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazifukwa izi zimaphatikizapo chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, titaniyamu, cobalt chrome, mkuwa, tantalum, ndi platinamu. Zitsulo izi zimakondedwa chifukwa cha biocompatibility yake yabwino komanso kulimba kwake. Ngakhale kuti palladium ikudziwikanso, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha mtengo wake wapamwamba. Tikukhulupirira kuti bukhuli lidzakuthandizani kupeza zitsulo zoyenera zomwe zimakwaniritsa ntchito zanu zachipatala kapena ntchito.