Hoʻonui i nā metala no ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o nā hihia COVID-19 i alakaʻi i kahi koi kiʻekiʻe no nā mea lapaʻau, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea nui i ke koʻikoʻi o ke koho ʻana i nā mea no nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea hana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā mea kūpono no nā ʻāpana olakino a me nā mea hana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka maikaʻi, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana. ʻO ka kohoʻana i nā mea kūpono e hiki ke hāʻawi i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka maikaʻi loa a me ka hilinaʻi.
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā biomaterial metallic a i ʻole nā metala lapaʻau i ka hana ʻana i nā kōkua ʻoki a me nā mea hana, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻano koho like ʻole e koho ai. ʻO ka holomua holomua o nā mea e like me ka cobalt-chromium alloy, ke kila kila, ka titanium, a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole, me kā lākou hoʻohana ākea i ka dentistry a me nā orthopedic, ua hoʻokumu paʻa i ke ʻano o nā mea lapaʻau metala i ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau.
I ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā mea hana no ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka mālama ola kino, he mea nui i ka poʻe hana hana e makaʻala i ke koho ʻana i nā mea maka kūpono. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kikoʻī ʻenehana pono no ka noi, pono e hōʻoia nā mea i koho ʻia i ka nele o nā pilikia i ka wā e launa pū ai me ke kino kanaka a i ʻole nā kemika like ʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā kaiapuni lapaʻau. Pono e noʻonoʻo pono i nā koi ʻelua a me ka kūpono o nā mea me ka hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia.
I loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻoihana mālama ola, ua hōʻoia ka nui o nā metala maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻāpana metala i ko lākou waiwai. E hele ana kēia ʻatikala ma nā ʻano mea maʻamau he ʻumikumamākolu o nā mea ola kino a me nā metala i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau.
- 13 Nā ʻano metala no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana lāʻau a me nā mea hana
E ʻike kākou i ka ʻumikūmākolu ʻano maʻamau o nā metala maʻemaʻe a me nā ʻāpana metala, kā lākou mau noi, a me kā lākou pono a me nā pōʻino i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea mālama ola.
1. Ke kila kila
Kila kohu ʻole kūpono loa ia no ka nui o nā mea hana lapaʻau ma muli o kona ʻano ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻohe corrosive, a paʻa. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kila kila ma nā ʻano like ʻole, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano mechanical a me nā waiwai kemika, ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono he mea koʻikoʻi.
ʻO 316 a me 316L ke kila kila ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā implants lapaʻau a me nā ʻō ʻana o ke kino ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa. Pono kēia ʻano i ka pale ʻana i ke kahe koko, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi a me nā hopena make. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā ʻano ʻano nickel haʻahaʻa i ke kila kila no laila ʻaʻole loaʻa ka poʻe maʻi i ka maʻi maʻi i ka nickel.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka 440 stainless steel i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki. ʻOiai hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 316, hiki i kāna ʻike kalapona kiʻekiʻelapaʻau wela, ka hopena o ka hana ʻana oʻoi ʻoi kūpono no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea kani. Loaʻa ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ke kila kila i nā orthopedic, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻūhā a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā iwi haʻihaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wili a me nā papa. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me hemostats, tweezers, forceps, a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka lōʻihi a me ka sterility.
No ka mea he hao ke kila kuhiliʻole, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka corrosion i ka wā lōʻihi, aia ka pilikia i ka ʻiʻo a puni ke ʻano o ka implant. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hāʻawi nā metala lapaʻau e like me titanium a i ʻole cobalt chrome i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Eia naʻe, e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau metala ʻē aʻe hiki ke ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai.
2. Ke keleawe
Ma muli o kona ikaika ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali,keleawe ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana ʻoki a me nā implants. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kāna mau waiwai antibacterial a me antiviral koʻikoʻi e lilo ia i koho maʻamau i ke kahua o ka ʻoki a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi.
ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hoʻohana pololei ʻana i ke keleawe no nā implants ma muli o kona palupalu a me nā mea ʻona i loko o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana mau ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana keleawe i nā implants niho a e hoʻēmi i nā pilikia o ka maʻi i lokoʻoki ʻoki iwi.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke keleawe ma ke ʻano he metala olakino ma muli o kāna mau waiwai antiviral a me antibacterial. Hana kēia i ke keleawe i mea kūpono no nā wahi i hoʻopā pinepine ʻia, e like me nā lima puka, nā ala moe, a me nā hoʻololi. ʻO ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai ke keleawe ʻo ia kaFDAUa ʻae ʻo ia ma luna o 400 mau ʻāpana keleawe like ʻole e like me ka biocidal, me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā maʻi e like me SARS-CoV-2.
Ke ʻike ʻia i ke kaiapuni, e maʻalahi ke keleawe maʻemaʻe i ka oxidation, ka hopena i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻOiai kēia, mālama ia i kāna mau waiwai antimicrobial. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo paha kekahi poʻe i ka hoʻololi ʻana he mea hoihoi ʻole. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā alloys, e hāʻawi ana i nā pae like ʻole o ka pono e kūʻē i nā microbes. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā uhi kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi e pale ai i ka oxidation ʻoiai e mālama ana i nā waiwai antibacterial o ke keleawe.
3. Titanium
Titanium makemake nui ʻia i waena o nā metala i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau. Ma waho aʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau o loko, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea o waho e like me nā mea ʻokiʻoki, nā mea niho, a me nā mea orthopedic. ʻO ka titanium maʻemaʻe, i ʻike ʻia no ka inert loa, ʻo ia ke koho kumu kūʻai pinepine i mālama ʻia no nā mea hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana lōʻihi i loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.
I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka titanium ma ke ʻano he pani no ke kila kila, ʻoi loa i ka hana ʻana i nā kākoʻo iwi a me nā mea pani. Loaʻa ka Titanium i ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi me ke kila kila ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kaumaha. Eia kekahi, hōʻike ia i nā waiwai biocompatibility maikaʻi loa.
He kūpono loa nā ʻāpana Titanium no nā implants niho. Kuhi ʻia kēia i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka titanium i lokometala paʻi 3D no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e pili ana i nā scans a me nā kukui X a ka mea maʻi. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi hopena kūpono ʻole a pilikino.
Kūʻē ʻo Titanium no kona ʻano māmā a paʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kila kila ma ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi mau palena e noʻonoʻo ai. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻole ʻia nā ʻāpana Titanium i ke kūpaʻa ʻole i ka luhi ʻana ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa ikaika mau. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai i nā hui pani, ʻaʻole like ka titanium i ka friction a me ka lole.
4. Cobalt Chrome
Hana ʻia me ka chromium a me ka cobalt,ʻeleu kobalta ʻo ia ka huila e hāʻawi ana i nā pono he nui no nā mea hana ʻoki. ʻO kona kūpono noPaʻi 3DaʻO ka mīkini CNC hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano i makemake ʻia. Eia kekahi,electropolishing ua hoʻokō ʻia e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe o ka ʻili, e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o ka haumia. Me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi e like me ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, a me ka hoʻomanawanui kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka cobalt chrome kekahi o nā koho kiʻekiʻe no nā mea hao. ʻO kona biocompatibility ka mea kūpono no nā prosthetics orthopedic, nā pani pani, a me nā implants niho.
He mau metala lapaʻau koʻikoʻi ko Cobalt chrome i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻūhā a me ka poʻohiwi. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā manaʻo hopohopo e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā ion cobalt, chromium, a me nickel i loko o ke kahe koko no ka pau ʻana o kēia mau alaleʻa i ka wā.
5. Aluminum
Kakaʻikahi ka launa pū ʻana me ke kino,aluminika hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kākoʻo like ʻole e pono ai nā waiwai māmā, paʻa, a me ka corrosion. ʻO nā laʻana e like me nā stents intravenous, nā koʻokoʻo hele, nā papa moe, nā noho huila, a me nā stents orthopedic. Ma muli o kona makemake i ka ʻōpala a i ʻole oxidize, pono nā ʻāpana alumini i ka pena pena a i ʻole nā hana anodizing e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou lōʻihi a me ke ola.
6. Magnesium
He mau metala lapaʻau ʻo Magnesium i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou māmā a me ka ikaika, e like me ke kaumaha a me ka paʻa o ka iwi maoli. Eia kekahi, hōʻike ka magnesium i ka biosafety e like me ke kūlohelohe a me ka palekana i ka biodegrades i ka manawa. He mea kūpono kēia waiwai no ka manawa pōkole a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka iwi, e hoʻopau ana i ka pono no nā kaʻina hana wehe lua.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻoneʻe wikiwiki ka magnesium, ponolapaʻau ʻili . Eia hou, he mea paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i ka magnesium a pono e mālama ʻia e pale aku i nā hopena hiki ke hoʻololi me ka oxygen.
7. Ke gula
ʻO ke gula, ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā metala lapaʻau mua loa i hoʻohana ʻia, e kaena maikaʻi loa i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka biocompatibility. ʻO kona malleability hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hana ʻana, e lilo ia i koho kaulana i ka wā ma mua no nā hoʻoponopono niho like ʻole. Eia naʻe, ua emi kēia hana, me ke gula i kēia manawa ke pani ʻia emea synthetici nā manawa he nui.
ʻOiai ke loaʻa nei i ke gula kekahi mau waiwai biocidal, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka palena o kāna kumukūʻai a me ka rarity i kona hoʻohana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ke gula i loko o nā pāpale lahilahi ma mua o ke gula paʻa. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā pale gula ma nā conductors, wires, a me nā mea micro-electronic ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā implants electro-stimulation anā mea ʻike.
8. Platinum
ʻO Platinum, kekahi metala paʻa paʻa a inert, ua manaʻo ʻia he koho maikaʻi loa no nā mea ʻoki a me nā mea hana ma muli o kona biocompatibility a me ka conductivity kūikawā. Loaʻa nā uea platinum maikaʻi i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā implants uila kūloko e like me nā mea hoʻolohe a me nā pacemakers. Eia kekahi, ʻike ka platinum i kāna mau noi e pili ana i nā maʻi neurological a me ka nānā ʻana i nā nalu lolo.
9. Kālā
E like me ke keleawe, loaʻa ke kālā i nā waiwai antimicrobial, e waiwai ai i nā noi like ʻole. Loaʻa iā ia ka pono i loko o nā stents, a me nā mea hoʻokomo ʻole i ka ukana, a ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia i loko o nā pūhui cementitious i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hamo iwi. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohui ʻia ke kālā me ka zinc a i ʻole ke keleawe e hana i nā hoʻopiha niho.
10. Tantalum
Hōʻike ʻo Tantalum i nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha e like me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka hana maikaʻi loa, ke kūʻē ʻana i nā waikawa a me ka corrosion, a me ka hui pū ʻana o ka ductility a me ka ikaika. Ma ke ʻano he metala refractory porous loa, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia i ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi a me ka hoʻohui ʻana, kūpono ia no nā implants i mua o ka iwi.
Loaʻa ʻo Tantalum i ka noi ma nā ʻano mea lapaʻau like ʻole a me nā lipine hōʻailona diagnostic ma muli o kona pale ʻana i nā wai kino a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Ka hiki ana mai oPaʻi 3Dua hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka tantalum i nā mea pani iwi cranial a me nā mea niho e like me nā lei aliʻi a i ʻolewiliwili nā pou. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka tantalum i nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o kona ʻano maʻemaʻe.
11. Nitinol
ʻO ka Nitinol kahi huila i hana ʻia me ka nickel a me ka titanium, i ʻike ʻia no kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka biocompatibility. ʻO kona ʻano crystalline kū hoʻokahi e hiki ai ke hōʻike i ka superelasticity a me ka hopena hoʻomanaʻo. Ua hoʻololi kēia mau waiwai i ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau ma o ka ʻae ʻana i ka mea e hoʻi i kona ʻano kumu ma hope o ka deformation, e pili ana i kahi mahana kikoʻī.
I nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau kahi i koʻikoʻi ai ka pololei, hāʻawi ʻo nitinol i ka hiki ke hoʻokele i nā wahi paʻa aʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka lōʻihi e kū i ke koʻikoʻi nui (a hiki i 8%). ʻO kona ʻano māmā a me kāna hana maikaʻi loa he koho kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā noi biomedical like ʻole. ʻO nā laʻana, ʻo nā uea orthodontic, nā heleuma iwi, nā staples, nā mea spacer, nā mea hana puʻuwai puʻuwai, nā uea alakaʻi, a me nā stents. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Nitinol e hana i nā hōʻailona a me nā laina diagnostic no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka umauma, e hāʻawi ana i nā koho invasive liʻiliʻi no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi umauma a me ka mālama ʻana.
12. Niobium
ʻO Niobium, kahi metala kūikawā refractory, loaʻa ka noi i nā mea lapaʻau hou. Ua ʻike ʻia no kona ʻano inertness a me ka biocompatibility. Ma waho aʻe o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka wela wela a me ka conductivity uila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka niobium i ka hana ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi no nā mea pacemakers.
13. ʻUmi
Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo Tungsten i nā mea lapaʻau, ʻoi loa i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu no nā kaʻina hana liʻiliʻi e like me ka laparoscopy a me ka endoscopy. Hāʻawi ia i ka ikaika mechanical a hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻokō i ka pono no ka radiopacity, i kūpono ia no nā noi inspection fluorescence. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tungsten ma mua o ke alakaʻi, e hoʻolilo iā ia i mea ʻokoʻa pili i ke kaiapuni no nā mea pale radiation.
Loaʻa nā mea biocompatible no nā mea lapaʻau
I ka hiki ʻana mai i nā mea biocompatible i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻonohonoho mālama olakino, pono lākou e pili i nā koina kikoʻī i pili ʻole i nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
No ka laʻana, pono lākou e lilo i mea ʻawaʻawa ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻiʻo kanaka a i ʻole ka wai kino. Eia kekahi, pono lākou e kū'ē i nā kemika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka sterilization, e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā disinfectants. I ka hihia o nā metala lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā implants, pono lākou he mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, ʻaʻohe corrosive, a ʻaʻole magnetik. Ke ʻimi mau nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala hou, a me nā mea like ʻolepalakiaseramika , e loiloi i ko lākou kūpono e like me nā mea biocompatible. Eia kekahi, palekana paha kekahi mau mea no ka pili pōkole akā ʻaʻole kūpono no nā implants mau.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻaʻole hōʻoia nā kino hoʻoponopono e like me ka FDA ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me nā ʻoihana honua ʻē aʻe, i nā mea maka no nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka huahana hope ma mua o kāna mea hoʻohui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke koho ʻana i kahi mea biocompatible ʻo ia ka hana mua a koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike i makemake ʻia.
No ke aha i makemake ʻia ai nā metala no nā ʻāpana lāʻau lapaʻau?
I nā kūlana e koi ʻia ai ka ikaika a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻo nā metala, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā ʻāpana keʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka mea i koho pinepine ʻia. Ua kūpono lākou no nā ʻāpana pono e hana ʻia a hana ʻia paha i nā ʻano paʻakikī, e like meʻimi noiʻi , nā lau, a me nā kiko. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā metala i nā ʻāpana mechanical e launa pū me nā mea metala ʻē aʻe e like me nā levers,nā kāʻei , kiʻi paheʻe, a me nā mea hoʻoulu. He kūpono nō hoʻi ia no nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka sterilization wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole e pono ai nā ʻano mechanical a me nā waiwai kino i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea polymer-based.
Hāʻawi maʻamau nā metala i kahi ʻili paʻa a ʻālohilohi e maʻalahi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi a me ka sterilization. ʻO Titanium, titanium alloys, stainless steel, a me nickel alloys ua makemake nui ʻia i nā mea lapaʻau ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe koʻikoʻi i nā noi mālama olakino. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā metala i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia a me ka luku ʻana i ka ʻili, e like me ke kila, aluminika, a i ʻole keleawe. Ke haʻaheo nei kēia mau metala hana kiʻekiʻe i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa, kekahi mau palena, a me ka versatility. ʻO ka hana ʻana me kēia mau mea e koi ai i nā ala hoʻolālā hou, ʻokoʻa paha ia mai nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia me nā metala maʻamau a i ʻole nā plastika, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea he nui no nā mea ʻenekini huahana.
Nā ʻano i makemake ʻia o kekahi mau metala i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea lapaʻau
Nui nā ʻano o ka titanium alloys, stainless steel, a me hardenable alloys i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau, e like me ka pā, ke koʻokoʻo, ka pahu, ka ʻili, ka pepa, ka pā, a me ka uea. Pono kēia mauʻano likeʻole no ka hoʻokōʻana i nā koi kūikawā o nā mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi pinepine liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī i keʻano.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia mau ʻano, ʻakominā mīkini paʻi hoʻohana maʻamau. ʻO nā kāʻei a me ka uea ka mea hoʻomaka maʻamau no kēia ʻano hana. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻano wili ma nā ʻano nui like ʻole, me ka mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa mai ka pepa ultra-thin ma 0.001 in. a i 0.125 in., a me ka uea palahalaha i loaʻa i ka mānoanoa o 0.010 in. a i 0.100 in., a me nā laula o 0.150 in. a i 0.750 in. .
Noʻonoʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala i ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau
Ma kēia ʻāpana, e hele mākou i ʻehā mau kumu nui i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā metala no ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau, ʻo ia ka machining, formability, hardness control, ahoʻopau ʻili.
1. Mīkini
ʻO nā waiwai mīkini o ka huila 6-4 e like loa me nā mea kila kila austenitic, me ka helu ʻana o nā mea ʻelua ma kahi o 22% o ke kila AISI B-1112. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o ka titanium me ka mea hana carbide, a hoʻonui ʻia kēia hopena e ka wela. No laila, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka wai kahe nui me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wai i ka wā e hana ai i ka titanium.
He mea nui e pale aku i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wai i loaʻa i ka halogen, no ka mea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia i ke koʻikoʻi inā ʻaʻole e wehe pono ʻia ma hope o ka hana ʻana.
2. Hiki
Makemake nā Stampers i nā mea ma'alahi i ke anu. Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka pili ʻana o ka formability i nā waiwai kikoʻī a ka poʻe kūʻai aku e ʻimi nei i ke koho ʻana i kēia mau ala, e like me ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika.
No ka laʻana, pono e loaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e pale ai i ka kaʻawale ʻana, ʻoiai me kahi ʻāpana keʻa liʻiliʻi loa. I ka manawa like, pono lākou e ʻae ʻia e nā kauka lapaʻau e pani paʻa iā lākou me ka ʻole e koi i nā mea hana invasive staple.
Hiki ke hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaulike ma waena o ka ikaika a me ke ʻano i ka wā o ka reroll. Ma ka ʻōwili pono ʻana i ke kaula i ke ana i makemake ʻia a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka annealing ma waena o nā pā e kūʻē i nā hopena o ka paʻakikī o ka hana, loaʻa kahi pae kūpono o ka formability.
Hoʻohana nā Rerollers i ke kaʻina hana o ka mālama ʻana me ka welaʻolokaʻa anuanue hāʻawi i kahi mea hana i kūpono no ka hana ʻana, kahakiʻi, a me ke kuʻi ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe multislide maʻamau a multidie.
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ductility o ka titanium a me kāna mau ʻāpana ma mua o nā metala ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia, hiki ke hana maʻalahi i nā huahana strip ma ka lumi wela, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lohi ma mua o ke kila kila.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke anu, hōʻike ka titanium i ka pūnāwai ma muli o kona modulus haʻahaʻa o ka elasticity, ʻo ia ka hapalua o ke kila. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pūnāwai me ka ikaika o ka metala.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka lumi lumi, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hana hana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe mai ka piʻi ʻana o ka ductility o ka titanium me ka mahana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua hana ʻia nā ʻāpana titanium ʻole a me nā lau.
Eia naʻe, aia kahi ʻokoʻa noalpha alloys , i hoʻomehana ʻia i kekahi manawa i nā mahana ma waena o 600°F a 1200°F e pale i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka puna. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ma mua o 1100 ° F, lilo ka oxidation o nā ʻili titanium i mea hopohopo, no laila pono paha kahi hana descaling.
No ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano o ka titanium ma mua o ke kila kila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka lubrication kūpono i ka wā e hana ai i kekahi hana e pili ana i ka titanium e pili ana me.make metalaa i ʻole nā lako hana.
3. Mana Paakiki
Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi kaʻina hana wili a me ka annealing e hoʻokō i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka formability a me ka ikaika i nā alloys. Ma ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o kēlā me kēia holo kaʻa, hoʻopau ʻia nā hopena o ka paʻakikī o ka hana, ka hopena i ka huhū i makemake ʻia e mālama i ka ikaika o ka mea me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka formability pono.
E hoʻokō i nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, nā loea maHUAYI GROUP hiki ke kōkua i ke koho ʻana i ka alloy a hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā piha i kāu mīkini metala olakino. ʻO kēia ka mea e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hui ʻana o nā waiwai i makemake ʻia, e kūlike me nā koi kikoʻī a me nā kaohi.
4. Hoʻopau i ka ʻili
I ka wā o ka reroll, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili o ka titanium-based a me nā huahana ʻili kila kila. Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻolālā nā koho like ʻole e koho ai, me ka hoʻopau ʻālohilohi a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, kahi ʻili matte e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka lubrication, a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao kūikawā ʻē aʻe e pono ai no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, brazing, a i ʻole nā hana wili.
Hana ʻia ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili e ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻōwili hana a me nā mea i loko o ka wili wili. No ka laʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōwili carbide i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia ka hopena i ke aniani-mālamalama a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻōwili kila i puhi ʻia i ka pana ʻia e hana i ka hopena matte me kahi ʻano ʻino o 20-40 µin. RMS. Hāʻawi nā ʻōwili carbide i pana ʻia me ka 18-20 µin. ʻO ka ʻōkole RMS.
Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hana i kahi ʻili me ka ʻala a hiki i ka 60 µin. RMS, e hoike ana i kahi ki'eki'e oʻeleʻele ʻili.
Nā Metala a me nā Alloys i hoʻohana mau ʻia no nā lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO ke kila kila, ka titanium, a me ka nickel-based alloys ua ʻike ʻia he mau mea ʻoi aku ka holomua ma mua o nā mea maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, lawe mai lākou i kahi ākea ākea o ka hiki i ka papaʻaina. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻololi i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona mechanical ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻomehana ʻana, ka hoʻoluʻu, a me ke kinai ʻana. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hana ai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi hou e like me ka mea e pono ai. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka ʻōwili ʻana i nā metala i loko o nā anana lahilahi ke hoʻonui i ko lākou paʻakikī, ʻoiai hiki i ka annealing ke hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou mau waiwai i kahi wela kūpono, e ʻae ai i ke kumu kūʻai.
Hana maikaʻi kēia mau metala i lokonā noi lapaʻau . Hōʻike lākou i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, loaʻa nā mana mechanical kiʻekiʻe, hāʻawi i kahi ākea o nā koho lapaʻau ʻili, a hāʻawi i ka versatility hana maikaʻi loa i ka wā e ʻike ai nā mea hoʻolālā i ko lākou paʻakikī.
Ka hopena
I ka hana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau, he mea koʻikoʻi ke koho pono i nā metala kūpono. ʻO nā metala maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia kumu, ʻo ia ke kila kila, titanium, cobalt chrome, keleawe, tantalum, a me ka platinum. Ua makemake ʻia kēia mau metala ma muli o ko lākou biocompatibility maikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai ke loaʻa nei ka palladium i ka ʻike ʻia, ua kaupalena ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana ma muli o kāna mau kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. Manaʻo mākou e kōkua kēia alakaʻi iā ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka metala kūpono e hoʻokō ai i kāu mau papahana lapaʻau a i ʻole nā noi.